3. 在不少情况下，虚拟式已变成习惯说法，很难找出其暗含的条件。如：
(11) 、You wouldn’t know. 你不会知道。
(12) 、I would like to come. 我愿意来。
(13) 、I wouldn’t have dreamed of it. 这是我做梦也不会想到的。
(14) 、He told the story in such minute detail that he might himself have been an eye-witness. 他将那事讲的非常仔细，简直就象他亲眼看见一样。
五、条件从句中省略if 采用倒装语序的情况
1、在if引导的表示虚拟的条件状语从句中，有时可以把含有助动词、情态动词、be或have的虚拟条件句中的连词if 省去，而将had , should, were 等词提到主语之前，即用倒装结构。
例如：
1). 原句：If she were younger, she would do it.
去If：Were she younger, she would do it. (把动词were移到主语she的前面)
2). 原句：If he had tried it, he could have done it.
去If：Had he tried it, he could have done it.(把had移到主语he的前面)
3).Had he worked harder, he would have got through the exams.
4).Were he to leave today, he would get there by Friday.
5).Were I in your place, I wouldn’t do that.
6).Had I seen the film, I would have discussed it with them last night.
假如我看了那部电影，昨晚我就可以和他们一起讨论了。
7).Were I a bird, I could fly freely.
假如我是一只小鸟，我就能自由翱翔。
8).Should it rain next week the farmers would have a good harvest.
要是下周能下雨的话，农民们就能有个好收成了。
2、如果虚拟条件句中有were, had或should时，把它们放在if的位置上；但是如果条件句中没有were, had或should不能用倒装。例如：
⑴、Should it rain tomorrow, what should we do? 要是明天下雨的话，我们怎么办呢？
⑵、Were I you, I would have asked him for some advice.要是我是你的话，我就向他请教了。
⑶、Were he to do this work by himself, he would get a lot of money.如果他自己能够做此工作，他就会得到一些钱。
3、在“开放式条件句”(open conditional clause)和让步状语从句中should是被省略了的。在这种情况下，如果if省略，动词be与主语的位置要倒装。如：
⑴、If any person be guilty of a crime, the court shall have the right to appeal. (任何人犯罪，法院有权起诉。)
Be any person guilty of a crime, the court shall have the right to appeal.
⑵、Whether she be right or wrong, she will have my unanswering support. (不管她是对还是错，我都会支持她的。)
Be she right or wrong, she will have my unanswering support.
⑶、____ ,I will take her as my wife.
［A］Were she rich or poor
［B］Being rich or poor
［C］Be she poor or rich
［D］Whether is she poor or rich
4、注意：有时虚拟条件句并没来if 从句表示出来，而是用介词短语(otherwise, or, without, but for)、上下文或其它方式来表示。
⑴、We didn't know his telephone number; otherwise we would have telephoned him.
⑵、Without you help, I wouldn’t have achieved so much.
⑶、But for your help, I would not have succeeded.
六、有时虚拟条件句的从句或主句都可以省略其中一个：
1. I could help you. (只有主句）
2. If I had time. (只有从句）
3. She should have come to the meeting. (只有主句)
4. If he had much more money. (只有从句)
(11) 、You wouldn’t know. 你不会知道。
(12) 、I would like to come. 我愿意来。
(13) 、I wouldn’t have dreamed of it. 这是我做梦也不会想到的。
(14) 、He told the story in such minute detail that he might himself have been an eye-witness. 他将那事讲的非常仔细，简直就象他亲眼看见一样。
五、条件从句中省略if 采用倒装语序的情况
1、在if引导的表示虚拟的条件状语从句中，有时可以把含有助动词、情态动词、be或have的虚拟条件句中的连词if 省去，而将had , should, were 等词提到主语之前，即用倒装结构。
例如：
1). 原句：If she were younger, she would do it.
去If：Were she younger, she would do it. (把动词were移到主语she的前面)
2). 原句：If he had tried it, he could have done it.
去If：Had he tried it, he could have done it.(把had移到主语he的前面)
3).Had he worked harder, he would have got through the exams.
4).Were he to leave today, he would get there by Friday.
5).Were I in your place, I wouldn’t do that.
6).Had I seen the film, I would have discussed it with them last night.
假如我看了那部电影，昨晚我就可以和他们一起讨论了。
7).Were I a bird, I could fly freely.
假如我是一只小鸟，我就能自由翱翔。
8).Should it rain next week the farmers would have a good harvest.
要是下周能下雨的话，农民们就能有个好收成了。
2、如果虚拟条件句中有were, had或should时，把它们放在if的位置上；但是如果条件句中没有were, had或should不能用倒装。例如：
⑴、Should it rain tomorrow, what should we do? 要是明天下雨的话，我们怎么办呢？
⑵、Were I you, I would have asked him for some advice.要是我是你的话，我就向他请教了。
⑶、Were he to do this work by himself, he would get a lot of money.如果他自己能够做此工作，他就会得到一些钱。
3、在“开放式条件句”(open conditional clause)和让步状语从句中should是被省略了的。在这种情况下，如果if省略，动词be与主语的位置要倒装。如：
⑴、If any person be guilty of a crime, the court shall have the right to appeal. (任何人犯罪，法院有权起诉。)
Be any person guilty of a crime, the court shall have the right to appeal.
⑵、Whether she be right or wrong, she will have my unanswering support. (不管她是对还是错，我都会支持她的。)
Be she right or wrong, she will have my unanswering support.
⑶、____ ,I will take her as my wife.
［A］Were she rich or poor
［B］Being rich or poor
［C］Be she poor or rich
［D］Whether is she poor or rich
4、注意：有时虚拟条件句并没来if 从句表示出来，而是用介词短语(otherwise, or, without, but for)、上下文或其它方式来表示。
⑴、We didn't know his telephone number; otherwise we would have telephoned him.
⑵、Without you help, I wouldn’t have achieved so much.
⑶、But for your help, I would not have succeeded.
六、有时虚拟条件句的从句或主句都可以省略其中一个：
1. I could help you. (只有主句）
2. If I had time. (只有从句）
3. She should have come to the meeting. (只有主句)
4. If he had much more money. (只有从句)
|
第二节：其他形式的条件句中的虚拟语气
一、用“without/but for/in the absence of ”表示“要不是”，“如果没有”（相当于if it were not for…）表示条件时，句中一般用虚拟语气。（也可用陈述语气） Without your help, I couldn' t finish my work on time. In the absence of water and air, nothing could live.二、由“providing (that)/ provided (that)/on condition that/ in order that”引导的条件从句或目的从句，根据情况，可用虚拟语气。（有时也可用陈述语气） They are willing surrender provided they are given free passage.三、用without / but for / in the absence of 表示"要不是"、"如果没有"，表示条件虚拟句： (1). Without air, nothing could live.要是没有空气，什么也不能生存。 (2). But for your assistance, we could not accomplish it.要不是你的帮忙，我们是难有成就的。 (3). In the absence of water and air, nothing could live.如果没有水和空气，什么也不能生存。 |
第五部分：其他几种情况下的虚拟语气
第一节：虚拟语气在as if / as though 引导的方式状语从句中的应用
虚拟语气在as if / as though 引导的方式状语从句中，谓语动词形式与wish后的宾语从句基本相同
第一节：虚拟语气在as if / as though 引导的方式状语从句中的应用
虚拟语气在as if / as though 引导的方式状语从句中，谓语动词形式与wish后的宾语从句基本相同
1.表示与现在事实相反或对现在情况有怀疑，谓语动词用过去式。例如：
(1) .He felt as if he alone were responsible for what had happened.他感到仿佛唯独他要对发生的一切负责。
(2). He acts as if he were / was a TV expert.他做起事来好象是个电视专家。
(3).Alan talked about Rome as if he were a Roman．艾伦谈起罗马来好像他是个罗马人一样。
(4).John pretends as if he didn' t know the thing at all, but in fact he knows it very well.(用过去式表示与现在事实相反的假设)
(5). He pretends as if he didn't know the thing at all, but in fact he knows it very well.（用过去式表示与现在事实相反的假设）他假装好象完全不懂那事，其实他对那事非常了解。
2. 表示过去想象中的动作或情况，谓语动词用过去完成式。如：
(1).The tree looked as if it ______ for a long time.
A. hasn't watered B. didn't water
C. hadn't bee watered D. wasn't watered
那棵树看上去好象很久没人给浇水了。（答案是c）
(2).The old man looked at the picture, he felt as though he had gone back to time 20 years ago.（用过去完成式表示与过去相反的事实）
(3). The old man looked at the picture, he felt as though he had gone back to time 20 years ago.(用过去完成式表示与过去相反的事实)那老人看着照片，他觉得仿佛回到20年前的时光。
3.表示与将来事实相反:
(1).They talked and talked as if they would never meet again (would+动词原形，表示与将来事实相反)
(2). They talked and talked as if they would never meet again.(would + 原形动词meet，表示与将来事实相反)他们谈了又谈，仿佛他们不会再相见的样子。
注: 在as if / as though 句中, 如果有可能成为事实, 用陈述语气.
He looks as if he is going to be ill.
|
第二节：虚拟语气用在lest，for fear that及in case引导的目的状语从句中
在由lest等引导的目的状语从句中需用虚拟语气，表示“以防，以免”等意思，其谓语动词多由should ＋动词原形构成，should也可省略。 例如： ⑴、He was punished lest he should make the same mistake again．他被处以惩罚以免他再犯。 ⑵、The mad man was put in the soft-padded cell lest he _____ himself. a. injure b. injured c. had injure d. would injure 这个疯子被关进墙上装有衬垫的病房，以免伤了他自己。（答案是a） 第三节：介词短语表示虚拟
有时假设的情况并不以条件从句表示出来，而是通过一个介词短语来表示，或通过上下文或其他方式表示出来。如but for, but that…, in case of, otherwise, supposing, under more favourable condition, without 等表示让步假设。 1).He worked very hard; otherwise he might have failed. (他刻苦工作，不然他就失败了。) 2).We could have done better under more favorable conditions.(假设我们有更有利条件，我们还会做得更好。) 3). But for his help，I . ［A］should not have succeeded ［B］had not succeeded ［C］did not succeed ［D］have not succeeded 4). But that he came to help me, I . ［A］could not have succeeded ［B］did not succeed ［C］could not succeed ［D］can’t but succeed |
第四节：虚拟语气用在It is（about ／high）time ＋that定语从句中
在It is（about／high）time ＋that定语从句中需用虚拟语气，表示“该做……的时候了”，其动词形式用一般过去时或should ＋动词原形。
(1).It's already 5 o'clock now．Don't you think it's about time we went home？现在已经5点钟了，你不认为我们应该回家了吗？
(2).It is about time you were in bed.
(3).It is high time we left.
(4).It is the first time I came here.
注：
1、在this is the first time ／second time that．．．句型中，从句中谓语动词用陈述语气完成时态。
例如：
Is this the first time that you have visited Hongkong？这是你第一次参观香港吗？
2、It's time to do something有别于It's time that．．．
第五节：在if only 引起的感叹句中需用虚拟语气
谓语动词用过去式或过去完成式(谓语动词与wish宾语从句的虚拟形式相同).
⑴、If only he didn’t drive so fast! (现在)
⑵、If only she had asked someone’s advice.(过去)
⑶、If only the rain would stop.(将来)
例题解析:
⑷、Look at the terrible situation I am in! if only I ____ your advice.
A. follow B. had followed C. would follow D. have followed
if only 引出感叹句，意思是“要是……多好”，表示说话人的一种愿望，希望发生（事实上不可能发生）与过去事实相反的情况。本句的全句意思是：“看我现在的处境多糟糕！要是我听从你的劝告多好”。事实上，句中的“我”没有听从劝告，所以处境很糟糕。
题中空格处应当用虚拟语气，答案是B。
